
Posted on Mar 13 2023 12:55 AM
I have a different take on this. A variac can be used to set the voltage anywhere you want it, within the limits of its voltage capability. People use them differently.
Probably the most common use of a variac in rock guitar is to set the voltage significantly lower than the standard supply voltage. Back in the day, Eddie Van Halen used this as part of his formula to achieve his 'brown sound'. I agree that it sounded great, but tube amps are not designed to use line voltages < 100VAC, and that can definitely cause problems with an amp. I think there are better and safer ways to achieve that type of sound.
Another use, outlined above, is to correct for line voltage errors. The issue with this, in some situations, is that incoming line voltage may or not be stable. With a pure (open-loop, non-voltage-regulating) variac, there is no regulation of the output voltage if the input voltage changes.
For me, the more typical problem with line voltage is that it is low. For example, playing on an outdoor stage with power supplied amateurishly by running a long extension cord to the stage, there is frequently significant voltage drop over the cable. And such supplies rarely if ever have sufficient capacity for a full band. In some smaller (e.g., dive bar) venues, the electrical service is not exactly up to snuff either, and heavy loads on the supply can cause the voltage to sag significantly. I routinely carry a volt-ohm-milliammeter, and in some places, this can get pretty bad. For example, when the bass player hits a loud note with an 800-1200 watt amp, the voltage can drop 10-20 volts - I've seen this not that infrequently. When that happens, my tube amp will generally not blow up, but sounds like it's pharting.
I just want my line voltage to be solid around 120VAC. My solution for all this is to use a rack-mounted voltage regulator. I use a Furman AR-1215 voltage regulator, which does a good job at regulating the voltage to approximately 120VAC. It will keep the voltage within a pretty close tolerance of 120VAC (I forget the exact spec) for any supply voltage within about 95-130VAC. For the typical swings of a few volts, it does a great job. However, it has really saved my butt plenty of times with really bad (generally low) line voltages. That unit is not produced anymore, but there are other comparable units out there. They are not exactly cheap, nor are they light. But a good voltage regulator really does work well to give a solid line voltage in most situations.
And BTW - I'm not talking about a so-called 'power conditioner'. That is a whole 'nuther kettle of fish, and does not regulate the line voltage. Some come with meters on the front panel. Assuming the meter works, it just shows you that the line voltage is wrong, but does nothing about it.
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